by CONJUNCTION
A Conjunction connects elements of a sentence, such as words (noun or pronoun), phrases, or clauses.
The three types of conjunctions:
| Subordinating conjunctions |
| Coordinating conjunctions |
| Correlative conjunctions |
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Subordinating conjunction is called dependent (or subordinate) clauses. Dependent clauses cannot use lonely. It depends on another one that is called principal (independent clause) or main clause. and is connected to make a complex sentence.
We can say Subordinating conjunctions are used to connect the dependent clause to the independent clause.
Example: They got angry when it stopped raining.
Subordinating Clauses
| After | When | Rather than | Even if |
| If only | As if | Whereas | That |
| Unless | Once | Because | While |
| Although | Whenever | Since | Even though |
| In order that | As long as | Wherever | Though |
| Until | Provided | Before | Within |
| As | Where | So that | If |
| Now that | As though | Whether | Without &besides |
Examples
He had reached the destination before his father came there.
I am to see the Mughal Garden when it opens in March.
My relatives had gone before I reached the party.
I used to throw the party whenever I go to friend’s farm house. (Never use ‘will’ with whenever)
You can visit the famous places in Jaipur wherever you want to go here.
If you come on time, we can start our program.
Even if the National Museum is closed at 5 P.M, you could see the Akshardham temple in Noida.
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Coordinating conjunctions are used to connect equal elements of a sentence. We connect adjectives, nouns, pronouns, and clauses with the help of coordination conjunctions.
FANBOYS is a trick to memorize coordinating conjunctions.
| F | A | N | B | O | Y | S |
| For | And | Nor | But | Or | Yet | So |
Examples
You, he, and I are the best friends from college days.
I want to go on a world tour, but I don’t have the money to pay the charges.
Robin doesn’t take tea nor coffee.
Who would want to take juice or a soft drink?
I have been ill for three days, so I cannot attend the meeting at 10 A.M.
The weather is foggy, yet it’s pleasant.
CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
Correlative conjunctions are used to connect similar parts of a sentence, such as adjectives, nouns, pronouns, and clauses. These conjunctions are the pairs of words to correlate two clauses or phrases equally in one statement.
| As…………as | Both………….and |
| Neither………….nor | Not only…….but also |
| Not……………but | Whether…………..or |
| Either………Or | Hardly /Scarcely…………..when |
Join the sentence using suitable conjunction
Examples
- Both ……. And: My wife loves both places and hills.
- Either …… or: It’s getting late now. Your sister should either go now or stay with her guardians.
- Neither …….. nor: you like neither Katherine nor ema.
- Not only …….. but also: I will not only meet him but also stay with him.
- Whether ……. Or: I don’t think whether he likes water balls or butterscotch shake
- No sooner ……. than: he had no sooner reached the bus stand than my friend came.
- Hardly/scarcely ………… when: He had hardly finished his work when his friends came to him.
Note: The Correlative conjunctions are used in the parallel structure of the sentences
Have a look at another useful pair of conjunctions:
| Conjunctions | Use of conjunctions in the sentences |
| As………….as | Luis McKnight is as talkative as his friend. |
| So ……… as: | He is not so creative as my younger brother. |
| As ……… so | As you sow so shall you reap. |
| Lest ………. Should | Run fast lest you should miss the train. |
| Too ……… to
|
This thief is too fast to catch red-handed. (the thief is so fast that cannot be caught red-handed) |
| Rather ……. than | I would rather do a job than do a business. |
| Same ……. That
|
This is the same jacket that I l used to wear. (the verb is used after ‘that’)
I want the same mobile that you bought it. |
| Same ………as | She has the same car as mine.
He doesn’t want the same bicycle as yours Note: (‘Main verb’ is not used after ‘as’) |
Exercise:
Spot the errors according to conjunctions
- She would rather climb the mountain to watch movies.
- Whenever she will cook food, you will appreciate her cooking.
- Either his relatives or my colleagues are stealing the information.
- Neither my brother nor his sister is helping each other.
- She didn’t talk to me since she went to a hostel.
- He hasn’t paid my bills since he has joined another company.
- She is not clever as her brother.
- You are so intelligent so your father.
- She orders as if she was my landlady.
- He is a graphic designer but he thinks as though he was a philosopher.
- She walks as though she was an actress.
- I met the same person who guided me.
- I had the same jacket as I wore yesterday.
- I don’t want to buy the clothes that yours.
- We don’t have much time lest he fired you.
