August 26, 2025
Modals

‘May and might’ (Modal Verbs) – Use of Auxiliary Verbs

adminby admin2,620

‘May and might’ (Modal Verbs)

Permission: to give or take permission;

 May I come inside the cabin? May I write?
Yes, you may come in. May I transfer money by phone pe? 
May I go to the loo? May I use your washroom?
May I help you? May l stay with you at night?
May I join them? No, you may not.

Note: ‘May’ is a very formal style in comparison to ‘Can.’ It is frequently used in writing and speaking. 

‘May and might’ (Modal Verbs) are auxiliary verbs are used to express Possibility:

She may attend the meeting today. It may snow today in Shimla.
He may/might come to meet us. She may get late for the party.
They may help us in our financial condition. He may buy a new car this year.
He may pass the exams. It may be true what was spoken by her.

Optative sentences :

‘May’ is used to express wish/pray/curse.

May God bless you! May you get success in life!
May your grandmother live long! May your father get well soon!
May you live long! May you get married to a beautiful girl!
May your book publish soon! May You get selected in SSC CGL!

Might – past of may (‘May and might’ (Modal Verbs)

Might is the past of may that is used in indirect speech:

She said that he might win the race. He said that Rohit might talk to me.

 

Remote possibility (less possibility)

‘Might’ is used to express remote possibility in the place of ‘May’.

It might hail. She might climb the mountain.
He got late from coaching. He might come to the ground to play football. Yesterday we fought together that’s why she might tell the matter.
He told me that he might come today. Her father is in the hospital. She might attend the meeting.
She might go for a picnic because her exams are near. He hasn’t studied yet. He might pass the exams.

Purpose:  

“So that and in order” that are used to express purpose.

She studies a lot so that she may pass the exams. He worked hard so that he might earn money a lot.
My father fixed the deposit in LIC so that he might double the money. The birds come back around march, so that the month of April may be an excellent time to see nature for them to fulfil their requirements.
I will send you the books so that you may get them on time. I have made some stuff parathas so that we may take them on the way.
I am learning English in order that I may get a good job. I have done Post Graduation so that I may get admission in PH.D

‘May and might’ (Modal Verbs) are used as Progressive form:

He may be coming to Delhi to meet his friend. We may be getting late for our conference.
She might be doing yoga at the moment. She was tired. She might be sleeping now.
It may be raining there right now. She might be working in his company now.   (Possibly working now)
The bus might be coming to Jaipur from Delhi now. It’s too late to go to school. She might be playing badminton in school.
They might be running at this time. It may be raining in Mumbai.
Exercise:

Fill in the blanks with the suitable ‘May and might’ (Modal Verbs) or auxiliary verbs

  1. ……. I come inside the cabin? (may/might)
  2. ……. I use your washroom? (may/might)
  3. She said that he …… win the race.(may/might)
  4. ……you get well soon! (may/might)
  5. …..you get married to a beautiful girl!(may/might)
  6. It’s raining heavily. He ….. come. (may/might)
  7. He got late from coaching. He ………come to the ground to play football.(may/might)
  8. He told me that he……..come today. (may/might)
  9. Her father is in the hospital. She …… attend the meeting.(may/might)

10. He works hard so that he ……. earn money a lot. (may/might)

11. My father has deposited money in LIC so that he ……. double the money. (may/might)

12. I was learning English in order that I ….get a good job. (may/might)

13. He ………. to Delhi to meet his friend. (May be going /may be go)

14. It’s too late to go to the park. She ……. be playing badminton in school. (may/might)

15. I will send you the books so that you ……. 

get them on time.(May/might) 

‘May and might’ (Modal Verbs) – Use of Auxiliary Verbs Read More
Modals

Could (Modal Verb) – Use of Could

adminby admin2,046

Could (Modal Verb)

‘Could’ (modal verb) is used to ask questions politely,

Could you help me? Could you suggest me regarding my career?
Could you take me to the principal right now? Could I use your laptop for a while?
Could you help me in solving the sums? Could I see your books which are kept on the table?
Could you go with me there? Could I take your food?
Could you bring my mobile from there? Could you solve this sum for me?

Asking something politely we use also could (Modal verb)

Could I have your laptop? Could I have your bag?
Could I have your comb? Could I have your gold chain?
Could I have your smartphone? Could I have your car’s key?
Could I have your diary? Could I have your watch?

Could (Modal Verb) is used in Indirect speech

Direct Speech Indirect Speech
She said,’ I can beat him. She said that she could beat him.
He said to me,’ they can help the poor. He told me that they could help the poor.
Rahul said to him,’ you can win the match. Rahul told him that he could win the match.

‘Could’ is used in the past. It is past of can. It is used to express past abilities that existed in past time

In my childhood, I could beat him. Last year, she could lend money.
In my adolescence, I could run fast. She could argue with him yesterday night.
I could read anything on mobile and book without spectacles till last year. He couldn’t attend the meeting today.
I couldn’t make it on time yesterday night. I could not complete my project at night.  
She couldn’t help him when he borrowed money. My brother could solve the Sudoku puzzle at the age of six.

 

Could (Modal verb) express possibility or uncertainty:

Could (possibility) is used to express the unreal situation in the present. Examples

You could come on time if you got up early. You could pass the exams. But you were sick.
Who is he with, Eva? He could be her husband. (Possibly he is) What’s her age?  She could be eighteen. (Possibly she is)
If I had money, I could buy a Ferrari car.   (possibility) If she came to me, I could propose to her.    (Possibility)
If he had time, he could go to his uncle’s home.  (possibility) If you got that job, you could earn a lot there.
If she wanted to go abroad, she could get a loan. If your brother joined Army, he couldn’t disappoint your father.
If Raju joined Delhi Police, he could take the bribe. If he asked for money, he could deposit it into the hospital.

When a person has a desire to do something

I wish I could beat him. I wish I could play the guitar.
I wish I could sing better. I wish I could get selected in government.
I wish I could fly in the sky. I wish I could learn the German language.
I wish I could make you understand. I wish I could be a billionaire

Note: “would” is also used in the place of “could.”

Exercise : 

 Choose suitable auxiliary verbs:

 ……….. you help me in solving the sums? (can/could)

 ………  you go with me there for a while? (can/could)

 ………. I have your ink pen?   (could/can)

 …………. I have his car?   (could/can)

He says that they ……. beat me.   (can/could)

My sister said that he ……… not pass the examination.    (can/could)

 I …….. drive and read properly last year.   (can/could)

I ……… beat him in the seventh standard.   (can/could)

He has got his salary today. He ….. make the payment now.    (can/could)

My grandfather …….. do yoga perfectly at a young age.   (can/could)

She …….. play the piano at the age of eight.   (can/could)

She ……. Speak the truth when I asked her. (can/could)

She……… hide the truth if someone asks.   (can/could)

Who is with this beautiful lady? He …….. be her husband.     (can/could)

He …….. be selected in the interview if he reached on time.    (can/could)

If he had money, he …….. buy a Ferrari car.   (can/could)

If you wanted to meet him, you …… phone him.  (can/could)

I wish, I …….. buy a Ferrari car.     (can/would)

If you had a car, you ……. Reach there before him. (can/could)

She wishes she ……… help the poor.   (can/could)

Could (Modal Verb) – Use of Could Read More
“To be” verbs Completely Explained

Uses of Verb to be – is/are/am/was/were/been

adminby admin1,968

Uses of Verb to be is used in various ways:

Present continuous tense (progressive actions -Form Of ‘To Be’ ):

Sub + is/are/am + m.v. + ing + object + etc.

He is telling a lie. You are not doing your work.
It is raining heavily today. Why is she not cooking food?
It is snowing in Kashmir. How are you playing today?
It is hailing in Punjab. Are they not getting my point?

Past continuous tense (past progressive sentences -Uses of Verb to be):

Subject + was/were + m.v. + ing + object + etc.

He was writing an E-mail. Why were they not solving the Sudoku puzzle?
She was asking me a question. You were making a mistake.

Future continuous tense (future progressive actions – Uses of Verb to be ):

Subject + will be + verb + ing + object + etc.

He will be going to market.
I won’t be facing the interview tomorrow.
You will be travelling by train the day after tomorrow.
You will be running at five in the morning.
  • Use of being
She was being honest. You are being polite.
They were being tough men. He was being intelligent.
They were being so nice to me. He is being intelligent. (he is trying to be intelligent but he is not).
He is being selfish. She is being harsh.
  • Going to be:
She is going to be a CEO. Was he going to be a teacher?
Is he going to be an architect soon? Is he going to be corrupt?
  • The past Form Of ‘To Be’
He became dishonest. He didn’t become a doctor.
She became selfish at that time. I didn’t become an IAS officer.
  • The perfect Form Of ‘To Be’- been

Subject + has/have + been + complement (qualities, states and occupations)

Present perfect – Uses of Verb to be:

He has been intelligent.     She has become a photographer.
He has been a software engineer. Has she become a journalist?
He has become a poet. Or has she been a journalist?

Note: in the given above sentence ‘been’ has used as a main verb which is equal to become. 

Future perfect – Uses of Verb to be:

Subject + will have + been/become + complement (qualities, states and occupations)

He will have been/become a bank PO. He will have been a modal very soon.
He will have been a pilot. I will have been proficient in yoga.
You will have been rich next year.  She will have been a doctor.
  • ‘Form Of ‘To Be’ in the future:
He will be a scientist. (surety of being a scientist) She might be an architect.  (20 to 30 % of becoming an architect).
He may be a doctor.  (50 to 60 % surety of becoming a doctor) She must be an architect. (a strong feeling of future to be an architect.).
  • Form Of ‘To Be’ is used with modal verbs
She may be intelligent. She could be smart.
She might be smart. She should be smart.
She must be smart. You shouldn’t be harsh.
Infinitive-Uses of Verb to be
She needs to become a government servant. He is able to become IAS.
She has to be polite before her boss. He was able to become a singer.
You have to be strict for the sake of kids. He will be able to be a good YouTuber.
He is to become a policeman. They are to be surgeons.

Progressive structure of modal verbs –Uses of Verb to be:

Work going on

He will be facing the interview tomorrow. (95 to 100 % surety of facing the interview tomorrow)
He may be facing the interview tomorrow. (50 to 60 % surety of facing the interview)
He might be facing the interview tomorrow. (20 to 40 % surety of facing the interview)
  He must be facing the interview tomorrow. (he needs a job anyhow therefore up to 100 % surety of facing the interview)
He should be facing the interview tomorrow. (sentence conveys the suggestion of facing interview)
He could be facing the interview tomorrow. (possibility of facing the interview at this time)
He must be weeping. She should be joking.
She may be joking.  He must be begging.

Want to be:

Does he want to be an MLA? He wants to be a business person.
Who wants to be a navy officer? I don’t want to be selfish.
I want to be an IAS officer. He didn’t want to be a constable in UP police.
She wants to be an air hostess. I didn’t want to be a ticket collector.
They want to be civil engineers.  My father doesn’t want me to be a teacher.

Would like to be: feeling of preference

I would like to be an athlete. I would like to be a soldier in the Indian Army.

Passive:

Present indefinite tense:

Object + is/are/am + verb III + by subject.

Active Passive
He learns Spanish. Spanish is learned by him.
She doesn’t scold you. You are not scolded by her.

Past indefinite:

Object+ was/were + verb III + by Sub.

Active Passive
You cheated us. We were cheated by you.
They won the match. The match was won by them.
Did you speak the truth? Was the truth spoken by you?

Present continuous tense:

Object + is/are/am + being + verb III + by subject.

Active Passive
He is reading a newspaper now. A newspaper is being read now by him.
She is not mopping the floor. The floor is not being mopped by her.
Rahul is brushing the hair. The hair is being brushed by Rahul.

Past continuous tense

Object + was/were + being + m.v. III + by Subject.

Active Passive
He was preparing coffee. Coffee was being prepared by him.
The cashier was not counting money then. Money was not being counted then by a cashier.
A child was polishing the shoes at the traffic light. The shoes were being polished at the traffic light.

Future
Object + will be + action III

He will be scolded by his father. She will be punished.
He will be sent to a hostel. They will be fired.

Imperative sentences – Form Of ‘To Be’:

Let + object + be + verb III

Active: Open the door.
Passive: Let the door be opened.

Note: other various types of uses of ‘be’ in passive can be seen in the voice chapter.

 Has to be/have to be:

She has to be selfish. I have to be strict.

Note: ‘Become’

It means to be involved in a process of changing one state to another state. This soil is soft. It is changing. It has become hard Delhi is polluted. Air is contaminated. And it is becoming a more polluted city across India.

Be

It tells the state or condition what the thing or person it is. It means that exists and is unchanged.

Examples:

He is smart. She is happy.
You are brave. She is honest.

Exercise I (Uses of Verb to be)

Write the perfect Form Of ‘To Be’

Example:

Have they ever  …been… to Italy before? No, they …have.. never been to Italy before.

  1.   ….. he ever been to Australia? No, he has never …….. to Australia.
  2.   …… you ever been to the U.A.E.  before? We’ve never …….. to U.A.E. before.
  3.   ……. She ever been to Kashmir before? Yes, he has …….. to Kashmir before.
  4.  Has he ever …… to Bikaner? No, he has never …. to Bikaner.
  5.  Have they ever ……… to Haridwar? Yes, they have several times ……… to Haridwar.

Exercise II (Uses of Verb to be)

Choose appropriate words which are connected The Verb ‘To Be’ ’.

Example:   …Is…  she being selfish? She is …being… Selfish.

  1. She is very talented. She ……….. selected.   (may be, might be, must be)
  2. He has a good memory. He …….. learn these vocabularies.      (may be, must be, might)
  3. You are not very fast at running.  You ……….. winner in the race competition.   (might be, should be, must be)
  4. He is a quick learner. I suggest that He ……… promoted.  ( should be, could be, would be)
  5. He is good at the grammar of English. He ………. selected in an English competition.  (must be, could be, might be, may be)
  6.  She ………. Like to be an air hostess. (would, will, should, might)
  7. He wants ……… an artist.  (become, to be, to became)
  8. Did you ……… an actor? (wanted to be, want to be,  want be)
  9. He may be ……….. at this time.  (run, running, ran)
  10. She has put on a nurse dress. She ……… be a nurse. (could be, must be, will be)
Exercise III (Uses of Verb to be) – Choose the appropriate verb
  1. He must ………. Smart. (be, been, became)
  2. He has to……… strict.  (be, became, been)
  3. She needs …….. smart for surviving in this world. (to be, be, been)
  4. Did she dare ……… a dacoit.  (to be, be, been)
  5. Will she have ………..an air hostess? (been, became, be)
  6. He has ……….. an architect.  (become, be, became)
  7. Rahul ……….. a boxer.  (become, be, became)
  8. is she going to ……. a government teacher? (be, became, been)
  9. He is ……… brave.   (been, become, be, being)
  10. He was …….. intelligent.  (been, become, be, being)
  11. He will …….. an IAS officer.  (be, became, been)
  12. Let the shop ……. . (be open, be opened, been opened)
  13. ………. Polite.      (be, been, became)
  14. don’t …… harsh.  (be, been, became)
  15. the institute will …….. . (be closed, be close, been closed)
  16. Chocolates are being ………. to kids.  ( distribute, distributed, be distributed)
  17. He was ……….. by his teacher.  ( being scold, been scolded, be scolded, being scolded)
  18. He has ………… by his friends. ( been saved, been save, be saved)
  19. I found that my keys ……… left on the desk. (have been, had been, will have been)
  20. Dance ……. taught here.  (is, are, has, had)
  21. He ……… writing a novel. L  (is/are/am)
  22. She ……… reading a book.   (was/were/will)
  23. They will  …….. studying at night.  ( be, been, become)
  24. Man …… mortal.   (is/are/am)
  25. Have you ever ………. to Kota?  (gone, went, been)
Uses of Verb to be – is/are/am/was/were/been Read More
“To be” verbs Completely Explained

The Verb ‘To Be’ – Is/are/am/was/were

adminby admin4,225

The Verb ‘To Be’

‘Be’ is an irregular verb that is used as a helping verb and main verb as well.

The present form of ‘Be’ The past form of ‘Be’ The perfect form of ‘Be’
is/are/am was/were been

Usages (The Verb ‘To Be’)

 He/she/it/name/ singular person (noun) + is/was + complement/ verb + ing + object etc.

You/we/they/plural person + are/were + complement/ verb + ing + object.

I + am/ was + complement /verb + ing

The Verb ‘To Be’ (is/are/am/was/were) is used in various ways:

Relationship

He is my elder brother. She is twenty years old.
His brother was very intelligent in his school days. He was a thirty-year-old guy.
My sister is adorable. She was twenty-five when she was married.
He is eighteen now. How old is he?

Occupations

His grandfather was a freedom fighter. They were bankers.
Are you a nurse? Was he a clerk?
I am not but my sister is a nurse who works in a max hospital. He was a software engineer.
All the students are engineers. He is a hawker.
Both the girls are doctors. He is a freelancer.

Name

My name is William Smith. Her name is Eva.
Are you Jennifer? I am not Jennifer, my name is Kate.
What’s your father’s name? My father’s name is Andrew.

Qualities

She is smart. He is cruel.
They are very intelligent. I am kind-hearted.
You are clever. She is arrogant.
She is tall. You are snobbish.
He is dull in the study. He is timid.
He is diligent. Rahul is brave.
She is kind. He is great.

Conditions

Sub + The Verb ‘To Be’ (is/are/am or was/were) + verb III (used as an adjective)

He is surprised. This application is written.
They are worried. The car is punctured.
I am tired of being lonely. This paper is signed.
This paper is signed. It is handwritten.
Her heart is broken. It is damaged.
This home is decorated. This wall is fully furnished.
My brother is well educated. He is worried.
His body problem is diagnosed. He is tired.

Use of ‘It’ with the Verb ‘To Be’

‘ It’  is used with

Climate:

It is a very hot climate in Jaisalmer. It is cold in Himachal Pradesh.
It is a warm climate in Rajasthan. It is winter.
It is a sunny day. It is the summer season.
It is autumn. It is terrible weather today.
It is stormy. It is not flowing fast.
It is not blowing harder now.   It is warm.

Temperature:

It is 33 degrees Celcius.

Distance:

It is 22 kilometres.

 Point of time:

 It is a particular time that uses to denote a specific date, day, month, year and time (it is mentioned below in a particular way)

It is on 18th January. It was Saturday.
It was 2nd March. It is January.
It was the weekend. It is Wednesday.
It was 2019. It is 2020.

Time

10       It is ten ‘o’clock.   

7:30    It is half-past seven. 

5:15    It is quarter past five.

4:45    It is quarter to five.

4:55    It is five to five.

Other points of time: today, tonight, tomorrow, yesterday, next Sunday, next month, next year, next week, next day, Next night, last day, last month, last Sunday, last year, last time, last night

It was my last night in the hostel. It is today.
It is next month. It was yesterday.
It is next Sunday. It was yesterday’s night.
Is it next year? It is tonight.
It was the last time. It was last week.

Day time:

It was morning. It is afternoon.
It is evening. It is noon.
It was midday then. It was a terrible night.

Use of it as a dummy subject:

It is good. It is high time to go.
It was a nice time. It is I who cares for you a lot.
It is nice to talk to you. It is she who helps you in every path.

Use of there with The Verb ‘To Be’ :

‘There’ is used as a subject and ‘verb’ is used according to number or quantity.

There + be + complement

There are four friends in his college. There were two children in the same school.
There is a boy who loves riding a lot. There was an anaconda in this village.
There is a man who serves food free of cost. There is an old temple outside of the village.

Use of this, that and these, those with The Verb ‘To Be’

Demonstrative pronoun: these pronouns are used to indicate a person or thing that is nearby or far.

This (singular) and these (plural) are used to indicate a nearby person, place or thing.

That (singular) and those (plural) are used to point out a person, place or thing which is a bit far from the eyes.

This/that/these/those (demonstrative pronoun) + be + complement (no action)

This/that + is/was + complement.

This is a table. That is a black cat.
This is a puppy that I love very much. That was a nice mobile in the shop.

These/those+ are/were + complement.

Those were the best moments of my life when I met her.   Those are my best friends who are standing nearby the coffee maker.  
These are delicious. These are bluebirds.
These are mangoes. These are animals.

Demonstrative adjective

This/that/these/those + noun + The Verb ‘To Be’ + complement.

Those shoes were very expensive. This building is situated in New York.
That boy is very intelligent. That player was not honest.
This boy is very handsome. These students were very naughty in the tenth standard.
These girls are very clever. Those flowers are the best in this garden.

The Verb ‘To Be’ is used as a main verb:

Be + noun/adjectives (qualities, states (feeling or situations), occupations

Noun form:    Be a man

Adjective form:

Be polite. Be smart.
Don’t be harsh. Be generous
Be simple. Be calm
Don’t be mad. Don’t be cruel
 

Occupations:

be a doctor. don’t be a smuggler.
be an engineer. don’t be a thief.
don’t be a terrorist. be a reporter.
Exercise I (The Verb ‘To Be’ ):

 Find the suitable form of ‘be’ and fill in the blanks.

  1.   ….. your brother happy now?  Yes, he ….. happy now. 
  2. …… they tired now? Yes, they …. tired now.
  3. He ….. angry at the moment.
  4. Where ……..your sister now? She ….. at downstairs now.
  5. Where ….. your friend now? he …. At the mall right now.
  6. Where …. your colleagues at the moment? they ….. at the restaurant.
  7.  …… students excited now? Yes, they … excited now.
  8. ….. Rahul bored now? No, he… not bored now.
  9. Are those boys …… (Travel)at the moment? No, they aren’t travelling at the moment.
  10. .. … …. the girls being cautious right now? Yes,    they….. being cautious right now.
  11. …. he being kind? Yes, he is …… kind.
  12. ….. she being humble right now? No, she isn’t …… humble.
  13. …. Lupe being serious at the moment? Yes, she is …..  serious at the moment.
  14. …… Marcus being hard on them at the moment. Yes, he is …… hard on them at the moment.
  15. ….. Mia being unfaithful now? No, she isn’t ……. Unfaithful now.
Exercise II (The Verb ‘To Be’)
  1. This application ……. written.  (is/are/am)
  2. Car is ……. There.  (punctured, puncture, punctures)
  3. It ……. ten ‘o’clock. (is/are/am)    
  4. She ……… twenty years old. (is/are/am)
  5. You ………. Doctor. (are a, is a, am a, was a)
  6. She ……. Intelligent.    (is/are/am/were)
  7. He is …….. .  (worry, worried, worrying)
  8.   She is ……… (a smart, smart, smarter)
  9.  You are …….. (scare, scaring, scared)
  10.   My document ………. (was tearing, was tore, was torn)
The Verb ‘To Be’ – Is/are/am/was/were Read More
Voice

Passive Infinitive – Voice

adminby admin1,550

Passive Infinitive

 Infinitive functions as a noun and at the same time display some qualities of a verb that is used with ‘to’ except with auxiliary verbs and some other verbs.

Infinitive: ‘to be done (Passive voice)

Sentence structure of Passive Infinitive: Object + “to be + m.v.3,” + by Subject

Have a look at examples of Passive Infinitive

Ought to :

When we talk about our country, One should keep only one thing in one’s mind

 that work for the sake of the country ought to be done not only by soldiers but also every citizen must take part in it.

Garbage ought to be thrown in the dustbin.

 Our country ought to be loved.

Terrorists oughtn’t to be sheltered across the world.

Has to /have to (Passive Infinitive):

He had to be fired. If they commit mistakes again, they have to be warned.
He has to be insulted. He has to be nipped in the bud.
He has to be taught a lesson. She will have to be fired.

Is to/ are to/ am to (Passive Infinitive):

It is to be done. Homework is to be done.
He is to be scolded. D.M. is to be invited.
Today is a wedding ceremony. The car is to be decorated. This box is to be lifted.
Am I to be reexamined? They are to be invited.
Is it to be checked? They are to be married.
He is to be married. She is to be punished.

Was to/were to:

She was to be suspended. Your friends were to be beaten by them.
Work hard was to be done at a young age. He was to be punished yesterday by his father.  
Who was to be invited? Who were you to be invited?

Want to:

Do you want to be rusticated?

He doesn’t want to be sent to the hostel.

I want him to be reinstated in his post. (reinstate- to put someone back in a job)

Need to:

He needs to be hospitalized. The beggar needs to be fed.
He needs to be admitted to the hospital. He has to be punished.

Try to:

I try him to be scolded.

I will try for him to be admitted to a good hospital in Delhi.

Supposed to (Passive Infinitive):

You are supposed to be awarded.

You are supposed to be given a bronze medal.

Be able to:

My younger brother isn’t able to be trained for this work.

He wasn’t able to be learnt English by me.

These posters were able to be stuck on the wall.

Used to:

He used to be punished in childhood by teachers. She used to be scolded by her brother.  
He used to be scolded by his elder sister. They used to be rusticated in school days.
He used to be punished by her mother. She used to be scolded by her teacher.
Going to (Passive Infinitive):
This project is going to be completed soon. My homework isn’t going to be finished now. Time will be taken more to finish it.
Are you going to be punished for stealing money? Is she going to be ridden to the Meerut City railway station?
She isn’t going to be sent to the hostel. He was going to be sent to Jail.

Change into Passive Voice

  1. She is to write a novel.
  2. I am to find a new way.
  3. You are to read an English grammar book.
  4.  He was to attend the meeting.
  5.  Were you to learn a foreign language?
  6. She has to cook food.
  7.  We have to climb the mountain.
  8.  I had to steal money.
  9.  She will have to do a job.
  10.   You ought to develop your village.
Passive Infinitive – Voice Read More
Voice

Voice of Participles -Passive Voice

adminby admin7,846

Voice of Participles & Gerunds

Voice–Participles and Gerund (verb + ing)

Participle Definition:

It is not the main verb and doesn’t work as a verb in the sentence. It works as an adjective in sentences.

Three types of voice of Participles:

Present participle (verb + ing)

My brother jumped from a running car. (Jumped–m.v. & running–present participle behaves as an adjective in the sentence.)

My dear sir sold his working scooter.

  • Past Participle meaning (v3– adjective)

The broken wire cut my finger.

The burnt rice tasted awful.

A tired farmer slept under the tree.

Note: broken, burnt and tired are “past participles”

  • Perfect participle– (having + v3) (complete action)

Having taught English, I went to my home.

  • Voice of Present Participles

Active: I still know my elder brother taking me to the hospital.

Passive: I still know being taken to hospital by my brother.

Active: I found his friends shouting at him.

Passive: I found him being shouted by his friends.

  • Past participle

The past participle has itself a passive meaning:

There was a signed paper on the table.
Damaged badly by the earthquake, the building had to be rebuilt.

  • Perfect Participle

Active – Perfect Participle (having + v3) –  (Passive – having + been + v3)

I am very disappointed about having been terminated from my job by him.

Aren’t you angry about having been lied to? (You were lied to by a person, by someone. They lied to you. You received the action.)

Having been deceived by his wife, he felt devasted or he, having been deceived by his wife, felt devasted. The club, having been banned in most cities, didn’t do so well.  
Having been praised for his writing, he felt good. Having been ragged, my friend attempted suicide.
Having been lost the cricket match, he wept bitterly. Having been abused, he began to cry.
Having been accused of murder, my colleague ran away. Having been fired, he left the city.
Having been watched the web series already, he got bored rewatching it. (x) Having watched the web series already, he got bored rewatching it. (correct)

Passive Voice of Participles & Gerunds:

Gerund definition: Gerunds work as an adjective, adverb and noun.

Subject + like/hate/enjoy/remember/love + being  + Past participle

Active: he likes swimming

Passive: he likes being swum.

He doesn’t enjoy being criticized He loves being danced.
She doesn’t enjoy being watched. I still remember being paid.
He enjoys being praised. She loves being taught the Guitar.
They liked being taught in school days. His son likes being held.
She hates being scolded. I hate being criticized.
He doesn’t like being punished. My son doesn’t like being abused.
She remembered being scolded. The Students hate being beaten in schools.
She hates being told. I am tired of being insulted.
  • Passive gerunds used at the beginning of the sentences

Being + the past participle + verb

Being beaten is an awful experience.

Being scolded is a bad experience for kids.

Being watched makes her feel nervous.

Being held by the mother helps the kid go to bed.

Being/getting paid monthly on time is very important to survive life.

  • Being = getting (sometimes)

My cow doesn’t like being washed. Or

My cow doesn’t like getting washed.

My baby likes being kissed on the hands. Or my baby likes getting kissed on the hands.

 

 

 

Voice of Participles -Passive Voice Read More
Voice

Passive Voice of Imperative Sentences – Rules

adminby admin4,564

Passive Voice of Imperative Sentences

Imperative sentences are followed by request, command and order etc.

    I: Let + object + be + verb III

Active Passive
Open the door.  Let the door be opened.
Switch on the fan. Let the fan be switched on.
Bring water for me. Let water be brought for me.
Don’t pluck the mango. Let the mangoes not be plucked.
Courier this book. Let this book be couriered.

Rule II (Passive Voice of Imperative Sentences): 

 An object is not given. We follow the below-given structure:

You are ordered/requested/forbidden/advised to + verb + object.

Active Passive
Go to your principal. You are ordered to go to your principal.
Please cook. You are requested to cook.
Work hard. You are advised to work hard.
Go there. You are ordered to go there.
Please sit down. You are requested to sit down.
please go now. You are requested to go now.
Don’t shout here. You are ordered not to shout here. Or You are forbidden to shout here.
Don’t play here. You are forbidden to play here.                Or You are ordered not to play here.  

Rule III (Passive Voice of Imperative Sentences)

If imperative sentences indicate advice or moral suggestion.

Object + should be + m.v3.

Active Passive
Respect your parents. Parents should be respected.
Love your kids. Your Kids should be loved.
Don’t insult the seniors. Seniors shouldn’t be insulted.
Don’t insult the poor. The Poor shouldn’t be insulted.

Use of let (Passive Voice of Imperative Sentences):

‘Let’ is used in sentences in different ways according to its meaning.

 Active – Let me go. (Permission)

Passive- I may be allowed to go.

Active- Let me dance.

Passive -I may be allowed to dance.

If a sentence starts with let (indirect object) and (direct object) is given.

Active structure: let + indirect object + m.v. + direct object.

Passive: let + direct object + be + m.v. III + by + indirect object. For examples:

Active Passive
Let me play the Guitar. Let the Guitar be played by me.
Let him speak English. Let English be spoken by him.
Let them do their work. Let their work be done by them.
Let her learn Spanish. Let Spanish be learnt by her.
Use of “let us” in Passive Voice of Imperative Sentences:

a. Suggestion

Let us help the beggars.  

The beggars should be helped.

Let us throw the garbage in the dustbin.

The garbage should be thrown in the dustbin.

b. When no object is given in the sentence:

Let us go for a long drive.

It is suggested that we should go for a long drive.

Let us cook.

It is suggested that we should cook.

Change the voice

  1. Unlock my door.
  2. Change his position.
  3. Let me handle this.
  4. Let us celebrate his birthday.
  5. Let them play cricket.
  6. Respect your seniors.
  7. Please help me.
  8. Let’s go for a walk.
  9. Don’t underestimate him.
  10. Don’t play in the garden.
Passive Voice of Imperative Sentences – Rules Read More
Voice

Passive Voice of Tenses – Rules of All Tenses

adminby admin5,140

Passive Voice of Tenses

Simple present:

Object + is/are/am + m.v. III + by subject.

Active: He plays football for Indian Team.

Passive: football is played for the Indian Team by him.

Passive Voice of Tenses

He is taught mathematics by his elder brother. The NET exam is taken by millions of students every year.
Is a novel read by your mother?   Cricket World cup of is played once in four years.
A pile of complaints is to be sent to the principal by students’ parents. Is Deewali celebrated in England?
Exams are held next Sunday. Is Holi celebrated in a foreign country?

Note: no change in universal truth, general truth, proverb, future continuous and perfect continuous tenses

Simple past ( Passive Voice of Tenses):

Object + was/were + m.v.3 + by subject.

Active: Our school’s principal rusticated many students.

Passive: Many students were rusticated by our School’s principal.

He was scolded for his misbehave.

He stood briefly when his name was announced.

CBI endorsed the ATS report but later the probe was given to the NIA.

They were arrested for the murder of a friend.

He was rewarded for the quiz competition which was held last month in the school.

She was appointed in the school.

Suman Rao was crowned Fbb Colors Femina Miss India world of 2019.

Her relatives were shifted to Chennai.

It was done to maximize revenues and keep metro fares affordable.

He was escaped from jail.

The result of schools was declared.

The syllabus was revised by all the students.

He was selected in defense.

He was sent abroad for higher study.

Future indefinite:

Object + will be + m.v.3 + by subject.

Active: They will do the shopping for their uncle’s marriage.

Passive: the shopping will be done by them for their uncle’s marriage.

He will be selected in Air Force.

He will be sent to central jail.

I will be hired by a multinational company.

She will be transferred to Kerala.

Will he be taught tomorrow?

 He will be admired for his performance.

Present perfect (passive-voice-of-tenses):

Object + has been/have been + action III by subject.

Active: he has bought an M51 Samsung mobile just now.

Passive: A M51 Samsung mobile has been bought just now by him.

He has been tortured by seniors.

She has been married to Robin Som.

It has already been declared by authority.

Pm Narendra Modi has been left humbled by presidents of two nations personally holding an umbrella for him instead of security staff.

Bomb attacks on Sri Lankan churches and hotels have been extradited from West Asia, police said on Friday.

The new shop has been opened in the corner.

All the newspapers have been distributed just now.

She has not been selected for the NEET exams yet.

Past perfect (passive-voice-of-tenses):

Active: I found that I had forgotten my notebook at home.

Passive: I found that my notebook has been forgotten at home by me.

This guitar had been tuned before I broke it.

This house had never been painted before we shifted in it.

These tigers had been lived in a large number before they were taken out to another sanctuary.

This man had been injected with anaesthesia before the tooth was removed.

I found that my keys had been lost in the drawer.

I knew that she had been beaten by her husband.

Future perfect (Passive Voice of Tenses):

Object + will have been + action III + by subject.

Active: she will have done his homework by Sunday.

Passive: his homework will have been done by Sunday by her.

You will surely have been rewarded for your ultimate hard work.

The cricket world cup will have been finished by 15th July 2019.

He will have been chosen a member of UNO by next year.

She will have been transferred by next month.

The Book will have been written by December 2019.

Will our crops have been damaged by bulls?

Present continuous (Passive Voice of Tenses):

Object + is/are/am + being + action III + by subject.

Active: she is learning the Harmonium these days.

Passive: The Harmonium is being learnt these days by her.

I don’t know. Something is being taught in class.

It is being written on board.

She is being punished by her mother.

He is being scolded at the moment.

The newspaper is being read by my grandfather.

Is he being beaten by his enemies?

Radio is being listened to by him.

He is being stared at by her.

Television is being watched by my children.

Past continuous (Passive Voice of Tenses):

Object + was/were + being + action III + subject.

Active: When I saw her, She was eating water balls in the market yesterday.

Passive: When I saw her here, water balls were being eaten in the market yesterday by her.

The cricket match was being played in my village at that moment.

Were mangoes being distributed to children yesterday?

Was he being insulted?

Was the exam not being taken seriously by her?

Exercise I (Passive Voice of Tenses)

Change the following Tenses into passive voice.

  1. He is making a mistake.
  2. Was she taking water balls there?
  3. Who will deliver the courier?
  4. When I found, he had already lost his book.
  5. I shall have completed my project by end of the next month.
  6. He stole my wallet the other day.
  7. She speaks five languages.
  8. Has he ever killed a snake?
  9.  She broke my heart at the end.
  10. The sun rises in the east.
 
Passive Voice of Tenses – Rules of All Tenses Read More
Voice

Passive Voice of Modals

adminby admin2,260

Passive Voice of Modals

Rules of verb ‘to be’:

Modals:

Object Can/could/may/might/should Must/ought/would Be + m.v.3

Examples:

Active Passive
Rahul can beat him. He can be beaten by Rahul.
He can lift this box. This box can be lifted by him.
She cannot cook food. Food can’t be cooked by her.
Who can join the Indian Army? by whom can be Indian Army joined?

See more Passive Voice of Modals:

He can be punished. She can be taught here.
They should be sent to a hostel. She might be appointed for this post.
He may be transferred. He could be selected in SSC CGL.
He said that Pankaj would be suspended. He must be terminated from the post of CEO.
Parents should be obeyed. Work must be completed on time.
A project might be completed in time. What can be done now?
Where clothes should be dry-cleaned? All relatives should be invited.
Only selected relatives should be invited. What should be done?
The house should be sold. If the house was sold, every work would be done.
The road should be repaired from time to time. Something must be done.
What gift should be sent? He can be punished.

Passive Voice of Past modal verbs:

Object + should have/may have/might have/could have

               must have/ought to have  + been + v3. + by Sub

Active Passive
The teacher should have scolded her. She should have been scolded by the teacher.
We must have respected our elders. Our elders must have been respected.
The seniors mustn’t have harassed them. They must have not been harassed by the seniors.
Police should have arrested him. He should have been arrested.

See more examples of Passive Voice of Modals

They should have been sent to jail.

Your magazines should have been distributed in towns.

She must have been rejected for her misbehave.

The E-mails could have been sent to the third party yesterday.

A car could have been collided with a truck last week.

He could have been admitted to the hospitals.

Our country ought to have been loved.

Did you solve the sums? No, I didn’t. Sums may have been solved.

Did you steal my watch? No, I didn’t. it may have been stolen by him.

Or

It might have been stolen by him.

Exercise A (Passive voice of Modals).

  Change the voice

  1. He can help me.
  2. Our principal might announce the result.
  3. He couldn’t get good marks.
  4. She must have studied the law.
  5. You should watch the English web series.
  6. He said that I shall learn English.
  7. Who can speak English?
  8. He oughtn’t to have cheated his country.
  9.  He will buy a new car.
  10. He must take admission in bachelor of science.
Passive Voice of Modals Read More
Voice - Introduction

Voice – Introduction

adminby admin21

Voice

Two types of voice

  • Active voice: active voice expresses a sentence as a subject that acts upon its verb.

               Sub + transitive verb + obj.  (A verb that has an object is called a transitive verb).

He reads a novel.

Read is a transitive verb because an object is used after a verb.

Sub + intransitive verb.   (A verb that doesn’t have an object is called an intransitive verb.)

He reads.        

 Read is an intransitive verb in this sentence which is used without an object. Passive cannot be made from an intransitive verb.

  • Passive voice: passive voice is a form of a verb that expresses object gets affected by the verb. In passive voice; priority is given to the object.

Passive is only made of a transitive verb.

For examples:

I have been sent to Dubai.

You were told.

He has been selected.

Rachel has been beaten by his friend.

Note: I, You, he and Rachit are objects in the above sentences. Actions are performed on objects. Objects get affected here. That’s why passive sentences are very important to express the statements.

Let’s see how to make passive voice:

Transitive verb and form of “to be” are very required to make passive sentences.

Object + to be + past participle/action III form (m.v.3) + by subject.

 

The verb ‘to be’

Tenses Forms of ‘to be’
Modals- (can, could, may, might, should, ought to, must would etc)  infinitive (is to/am to/are to/was to/were to, has to/have to/had to/ will have to etc future indefinite (will/shall) Be Object + can/could/may/might/should/ought to/must/would/is to/am to/are to/was to/were to/has to/have to/ had to/ will have to + be + past participle etc.  
Present indefinite (do/does) Is, are, am Object + is/are/am + action III form + by subject
Past indefinite(did) Was, were Object + was/were + action III + by subject
Perfect(present- has/have, past- had  & future-will have/shall have Been Object + has/have/ had/ will have/ shall have + been + past participle + by subject
Present continuous (is/are/am)  past continuous(was/were), participle and gerund Being Object + is/are/am/was/were + being + past participle Participle:  being + past participle

 The objective case will be changed into a subjective case.

Subjective case Objective case
He Him
She Her
It It
You You
We Us
They Them
I Me

Write the answers of the following questions

  1. Write the definition of active and passive voice.
  2. What are transitive and intransitive verbs?
  3. Write the formulae of present and past indefinite.
  4. Write the formulas of present and past continuous tenses.
  5. Write the objective case of he, she, it, they, you, and we.
  6. Write the formulae of present, past and future perfect tense.
Voice – Introduction Read More